- Details
- Hits: 1859
Abstract
The problems of creating linear generators with permanent magnets of reciprocating motion are considered. The use of high-energy permanent magnets makes the prospects for their development very real, when creating electric shock absorbers, which are an alternative version of hydraulic shock absorbers widely used in the automotive industry. In the electric shock absorber, the kinetic energy of the oscillating suspension element is converted to electric one. This energy can be used to power various car devices. It is shown that when choosing a shock absorber design, the design with a short external inductor is preferable, in the grooves of which there is a three-phase winding of the generator. The secondary element has radially magnetized permanent magnets based on rare-earth materials. Due to the relative linear displacement of the primary with the winding and the secondary with permanent magnets, an alternating voltage is induced in the winding, which is rectified by a three-phase rectifier and is supplied to the battery. It is of interest to estimate which part of the vibrational energy is converted into electric one, the electromagnetic force, its peak values, the time of the transient process, the number of oscillations. A mathematical model of an electric shock absorber is presented in the MATLAB / Simulink package, which allows one to investigate transient processes under various laws of perturbation force variation. The results of the study of the driving force, current, speed and displacement from time are given. Studies have shown that to improve the performance of the shock absorber, it is necessary to connect in parallel the accumulator an additional resistance, the value of which is determined for each specific case. The proposed mathematical model can be used in algorithms for controlling microprocessors of suspension systems for cars and other vehicles.
Keywords
Electric shock absorber, linear generator, permanent magnets, Simulink-model.
1. Hiterer M.Ja., Ovchinnikov I.E. Sinhronnye elektricheskie mashiny vozvratno- postupatelnogo dvizhenija [Synchronous electric reciprocating machines]. St. Petersburg, Korona-Print. 2008. 368 p. (In Russian)
2. Gieras J.F., Piech Z.J. Linear Synchronous Motors. CRS, Press. 2000.
3. Zhen Longing and Wei Xiao gang, ‘Structure and Performance Analysis of Regenerative Electromagnetic Shock Absorber’, Journal of networks, vol. 5, no. 12, December 2010.
4. Moshhinskij Yu.A. Raschet sinhronnyh generatorov s postojannymi magnitami [Calculation of synchronous generators with permanent magnets]. Moscow, MPEI Publ., 2002, 31 p. (In Russian)
5. Sokolova E.M., Moshhinskij Yu.A. Tsilindricheskie lineynye asinhronnye dvigateli [Cylindrical Linear Asynchronous Motors]. Moscow, MPEI Publ., 1998, 26 p.
6. Kopylov I.P. Proektirovanie elektricheskikh mashin [Designing of electrical machines]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1980. 495 p. (In Russian)
7. Derbaremdiker A. D. Gidravlicheckie amortizatori avtomobilei [Hydraulic shock absorbers for cars]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1969, 236 p. (In Russian)
8. Chernyh I.V., Potemkin V.G., Simulink: sreda sozdanija inzhenernyh prilozhenij [Simulink: the environment for creating engineering applications]. Moscow, Dialog – MEPhI Publ., 2003. 496 p. (In Russian)
- Details
- Hits: 1725
Abstract
The authors proved the feasibility of energy saving control of the gas-dynamic mode in the working space of industrial heating furnaces. They calculated the static relationship between the change in the air flow rate and the position of the chimney valve for the valve opening range of 10 to 100%. The efficiency of the energy saving control based on making use of fuzzy logic and fuzzy-set theory was proved. The structural scheme of the fuzzy energy saving control was developed. The paper describes the principles of control design to provide the automatic control of pressure in the working space of the furnace using fuzzy control principle. The research group considered the implementation of energy saving fuzzy control of pressure in the working space of the heating furnace when the temperature in the working space stabilizes due to the change in the flow of blast furnace gas and air.
Keywords
Linguistic variable, truth degree, membership functions, fuzzy sets, heuristic rules.
1. Parsunkin B.N., Degtyarov V.V. Defining the place of pulse sampling to control pressure in the working space of continuous furnaces. Izvestiya vuzov «Chyornaya metallurgiya» [Bulletin of Universities «Ferrous Metallurgy»]. 1992, no.11, pp. 63-65. (In Russian)
2. Parsunkin B.N., Husid S.E., Ivanov N.I., Slesarev A.V. Automatic control of regenerating soaking pit operation using the device for calculation of air flow coefficient. Stal [Steel], 1969, no.5, pp.169-171. (In Russian)
3. Fler P., Ottenburger F. Vvedenie v ehlektronnuyu tekhniku regulirovaniya [Introduction to electronic control engineering]: textbook. Moscow: Alteks, 2009. 197 p. (In Russian)
4. Prikladnye nechyotkie sistemy [Applied fuzzy systems] / Under the editorship of Tehrano T., Asan K., Sucheno K. Moscow: MIR, 1993. 368 p. (In Russian)
5. Batyrshin I.Z. Osnovnye operacii nechyotkoj logiki i ih obobshcheniya [Basic operations of fuzzy logic and their generalization]. Kazan: Otechestvo, 2001. 102 p. (In Russian)
6. Rassel, S., Norvig P. Iskusstvennyj intellekt: sovremennyj podhod [Artificial intelligence: modern approach]. Moscow: Izdatelskij dom «Vilyame», 2010. 408 p. (In Russian)
7. Parsunkin B.N., Senichkin B.K., Andreev S.M., Ryabchikov M.YU. Blast furnace efficiency improvement by optimizing the automatic control of conventional gas and bulk oxygen supply to the blast. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Bulletin of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University], 2011, no. 4 (36), pp. 69-73. (In Russian)
8. Parsunkin B.N., Andreev S.M., Bushmanova M.V. Raschety sistem avtomaticheskoj optimizacii upravleniya tekhno-logicheskimi processami v metallurgii [Design of automatic optimization control systems for production processes in metallurgy]: textbook. Magnitogorsk, 2009. 267 p. (In Russian)
9. Rutkovskaya D., Pilinskij M., Rutkovskij L. Nejronnye seti, geneticheskie algoritmy i nechyotkie sistemy [Neural networks, genetic algorithms and fuzzy systems]. Moscow: Goryachaya liniya – Telekom, 2004. 452 p. (In Russian)
10. Zade L. Ponyatie lingvisticheskoj peremennoj i ego primenenie k prinyatiyu priblizhennyh reshenij [Definition of the linguistic variable and its application to making approximations]. Moscow: Mir, 1976. 166 p. (In Russian)
11. Vasiliev M.I., Parsunkin B.N, Andreev S.M, Akhmetov T.U. Pressure control in industrial workspace furnace using the principle of fuzzy logic. Matematicheskoe programmnoe obespechenie system v promyshlennoy i sotsialnoy sferakh [Software systems in the industrial and social fields]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 35-45. (In Russian)
12. Liberzon L. M., Rodov A.B. Shagovye ehkstremalnye sistemy [Step-by-step extreme systems]. Moscow: Yurajt, 2009. 310 p. (In Russian)
13. Syropoulos A. Theory of Fuzzy Computation. Springer, 2014. 170 p.
14. Uziel Sandler, Lev Tsitolovsky Neural Cell Behavior and Fuzzy Logic. Springer, 2008. 478 p.
15. Parsunkin B.N., Andreev S.M., Logunova O.S., Ahmetov U.G. Lokalnye stabiliziruyushchie kontury avtomaticheskogo upravleniya v ASU TP promyshlennogo proizvodstva [Local stabilizing circuits of automatic control in automatic control systems of industrial production processes]. Magnitogorsk: OOO «Poligrafiya», 2012. 406 p. (In Russian)
- Details
- Hits: 1859
Abstract
The paper considers the most energy-intensive object of the steelmaking complex, particularly, the electric arc furnace (EAF-125) of a metallurgical open Joint-stock company "AMURMETAL", Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The authors described the functional role of the static thyristor compensator (STC). The simplified scheme of electric power supply of the EAF is given. The insufficient speed of hydraulic drives moving the furnace electrodes is indicated, which leads to the arc extinction. Stepwise regulation of the voltage at the input of the furnace transformer (FT), with the help of an on-load tap changer, leads to the loss of continuous control over the technological process of steelmaking. When switching the stages of the on-load tap changer, short-circuits can arise between the coils, which create electrodynamic shock loads on the transformer windings reducing the reliability of the FT. The research group suggested a technical solution, which makes it possible to replace the on-load tap changer, providing continuous adjustment of the voltage within the predetermined range on the high side of the FT. Mathematical models of reactor-thyristor voltage regulator (RTVR) and its control system were developed in "MatLab" environment. The paper shows a block - modular simulation model of RTVR with real parameters. Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate its regulatory properties and its influence on the network. Oscillograms of current and voltage of the device elements are considered. The results of the study showed that the process of regulation does not effect significantly the current and voltage; the mode of intermittent current does not arise. The possibility of using a thyristor voltage regulator with natural switching (TVRN), which is part of STC, is considered.
Keywords
Arc steel-smelting furnace, thyristor valve, reactor-thyristor voltage regulator, arc current, furnace transformer, static thyristor compensator, on-load tap changer.
1. Smirnov A.N. Metallurgicheskie mini-zavody [Metallurgical mini-factories]. Donetsk: Nord-Press, 2005. 469 p. (In Russian)
2. Yakimov I.A., Nikolayev A.A., Kornilov G.P. Investigation of Ultra-High Power Furnaces with Thyristor Voltage Regulator in the Intermediate Circuit of the Furnace Transformer. Setevoy elektronniy nauchniy zhurnal [Internet Journal of Electrical Engineering], 2014, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41–47. (In Russian)
3. Karandaev A.S., Evdokimov S.A., Sarlibaev A.A., Lednov R.A. Requirements to the monitoring system of ultrahigh power electric arc furnace transformer performance. Rossiyskiy internet-zhurnal promishlennoy inzhenerii [Russian Internet Journal of Industrial Engineering], 2013, no. 2 (25), pp. 58-68. (In Russian).
4. Sviridov V.A., Bakharev N.P. Providing electrodynamic withstand of power transformers. Molodoy uchyoniy [Young scientist], 2017, no. 32, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
5. Klimash V.S., Tabarov B.D., Getopanov A.Yu. Puskoregu-liruyushee ustroystvo na storone visokovo napryaweniya transformatornoy podstansii [The ballast on the high voltage side of the transformer substation]. Patent RF, no. 166559, 2016.
6. Yakimov I.A. Substantiation of thyristor regulation of voltage of arc furnace transformer. Elektrotecknicheskie sistemy i kompleksy [Electrotechnical Systems and Complexes], 2017, no. 2 (35), pp. 41–48. (In Russian).
7. Gensini J., Morello L., Koassini J., Fragiacomo R. Sposob regulirovaniya tryokhfaznoy elektrodugovoy pechi pryamovo nagreva [Method of current regulation of three-phase electric arc furnace of direct heating]. Patent RF, no. 2086076, 1997.
8. Hatch Associates Ltd., Satcon Power Systems Canada Ltd. Power control system for ac electric arc furnace. Patent US, no. 09/778,835, 2003.
9. Zenzo I., Tsutomu K. Steel melting arc furnace transformer equipment directly connected to 154 kV power source with tertiary loud switching system. Fuji electricheskiy obzor [Fuji electric review], 2014, vol. 17, no. 1, pp.16–23.
10. Klimash V.S., Tabarov B.D., Getopanov A.Yu. Sposob vklyucheniya, viyklyucheniya i regulirovaniya napryaweniya transformatornoy podstansii [A method for switching on and off and regulation of voltage transformer substation]. Patent RF, no. 2622890, 2017.
11. Anshin V.Sh. Electric furnace transformers for the metallurgical industry, produced by the Open Joint-Stock Company "Electrozavod". Elektro [Electro], 2006, no. 4, pp. 16-20. (In Russian)
12. Vereshchago E.N., Kostyuchenko V.I. The model of electric arc in Matlab / simulink. Elektrotekhnika i elektroenergetika [Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering], 2013, no.2(25), pp. 40–46. (In Ukrainian).
13. Chunikhin A.A. Elektricheskie apparatiy [Electrical apparatus]. General course. Textbook for high schools. 3rd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: Energoatomizdat Publ., 1988. 720 p. (In Russian)
14. Klimash V.S., Tabarov B.D. Certificate RF №2017613852 of software registration for computers «Program complex mathematical models of thyristor magnetic ballast for power transformer in Matlab medium». Bulletin no. 4, 03.04.17.
15. Static thyristor reactive power compensator type STK-160/35: technical description and operating instructions. JSC Ansaldo-VEI. Moscow, 2008. 71 p.
- Details
- Hits: 1826
Abstract
Scrap-metal is used as a refrigerant during steelmaking process in a basic oxygen furnace where it can reach about twenty percent of the charge. The quantity of the scrap-metal loaded to the basic oxygen furnace determines the cost and quality of the finished steel. But bulk density of the scrap-metal is also an important technological factor that can affect the steelmaking process itself. That is why it is necessary to measure bulk density of the scrap-metal before it is loaded to the furnace. The mass of the scrap-metal in a chute is measured by the specialized scale. If the weight of the scrap-metal is known, the problem can be reduced to finding the volume of the scrap-metal in the chute. However, contact methods cannot solve this problem. This problem was solved by using non-contact method of measuring the distance to the surface of the scrap-metal in the chute by means of a time-of-flight 3D-camera. As a result of the experiment conducted at the oxygen converter shop, there were obtained images of an empty and a full chute. These images are represented by matrixes containing distances for three orthogonal directions. The algorithm used in this paper calculates the scrap-metal volume by subtracting the reference image of the empty chute from the image of the full chute. This work is based on industrial experiments at the oxygen converter shop of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. The paper describes the problems arising in the application of the described algorithm to the task of scrap-metal volume calculation and offers ways of solving these problems. The proposed algorithm was used to calculate the volume of the scrap-metal. Comparison of the calculated here volume with the volume of the same scrap-metal in the chute that was obtained earlier using a different approach showed that error does not exceed 5%.
Keywords
Metals industry, steelmaking, furnaces, volume measurement, 3D-camera, scrap-metal, bulk density, basic oxygen furnace, non-contact measurement, scrap chute.
1. Kolesnikov Ju.A., Bigeev V.A., Sergeev D.S. Calculation of technological parameters of steel smelting in a converter using various coolants. Metallurgija stali [Metallurgy of steel], 2014, no.2(15), pp. 45-48. (In Russian)
2. Makarova E.A., Peristyj M.M. Problems of converter steel production and ways to solve scrap shortage problem. Ohrana okruzhajushhej sredy i racionalnoe ispolzovanie prirodnyh resursov. Sbornik dokladov HHІІІ Vseukrainskoj nauchnoj konferencii aspirantov i studentov [Environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Collection of reports of the XXIII All-Ukrainian scientific conference of graduate students and students], Donetsk: DonNTU, DonNU, 2013, vol.2, pp. 158-159. (In Russian)
3. Sheljagovich A.V. Razrabotka rezhimov formirovanija metallozavalki v kislorodnom konvertere s primeneniem kompozicionnyh materialov i issledovanie ih vlijanija na tehnologicheskie pokazateli vyplavki stali. Kand. Diss. [Development of modes for forming metal scrap in the oxygen converter with the use of composite materials and studying their effect on the technological parameters of steel smelting. Ph.D. Diss.]. Moscow, 2005.
4. T. Möller, H. Kraft, J. Frey, M. Albrecht and R. Lange, “Robust 3D measurement with PMD sensors,” Proceedings of the 1st Range Imaging Research Day at ETH, Zurich, Switzerland, 2005.
5. Q. Xu, Y. Huang, L. Xing, Z. Tian, Z. Fei and L. Zheng, “A fast method to measure the volume of a large cavity,” IEEE Access, 2015, pp. 1555–1561. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2476661
6. Y.D. Chincholkar and S. Bangadkar, “A Review of ToF PMD Camera,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 4, iss. 5, 2015, pp. 4142-4149. DOI: 10.15662/ijareeie.2015.0405058
7. Paterikin V.I. Optical methods of sounding for head devices for measuring spatial parameters of the surface of three-dimensional objects in real time. Interjekspo Geo-Sibir [Interexpo Geo-Siberia], 2015, no.2, pp. 44-48. (In Russian)
8. Krysin D.Ju., Nebylov A.V. The use of time-of-flight PMD cameras to determine the distance to the water surface. Nauchno-tehnicheskij vestnik informacionnyh tehnologij, mehaniki i optiki [Scientific and Technical Herald of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics], 2013, no.2 (84), pp. 33-39. (In Russian)
9. Rutkovskij V.O., Rutkovskaja M.A. The method of obtaining three-dimensional digital models of technical objects, based on the use of artificial textures. Vestnik SibGAU [Bulletin of Siberian State University of Management], 2010, no.5, pp. 249-254. (In Russian)
10. G. Berkovic and E. Shafir, “Optical methods for distance and displacement measurements,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 4, 2012, pp. 441–471. DOI: 10.1364/AOP.4.000441.
11. Y.R. Huddart, “Non-contact free-form shape measurement for coordinate measuring machines,” dissertation, Heriot-Watt University, 2010.
12. Skljarenko M.S. Estimation of the accuracy of tracking methods for determining 2D coordinates and speeds of mechanical systems based on digital photography data. Kompjuternaja optika [Computer Optics], 2015, no.1, pp. 125-135. (In Russian)
13. Borminskij S.A., Solnceva A.V., Skvorcov B.V. The method of optoelectronic control of liquid in a tank. Kompjuternaja optika [Computer Optics], 2016, vol.40, no.4, pp. 552-559. (In Russian)
14. M. Wilczkowiak, E. Boyer and P. Sturm, “Camera Calibration and 3D Reconstruction from Single Images Using Parallelepipeds,” 8th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV '01), Vancouver, Canada. IEEE Computer Society, 1, pp.142-148, 2001.
15. A. Criminisi, I. Reid and A. Zisserman, “Single View Metrology,” University of Oxford, 1999.
16. X. Luan, “Experimental investigation of Photonic Mixer Device and development of TOF 3D ranging systems based on PMD technology,” dissertation, University of Siegen, 2001.
17. O3M150. 3D sensor for mobile applications. https://www.ifm.com/gb/en/product/O3M150.
18. Ishmetyev E.N., Chistjakov D.V., Panov A.N., Bodrov E.E., Rabadzhi D.V. Calculation of bulk density of steel scrap in scrap chutes using 3D camera. Chernye metally [Non-ferrous metals], 2017, no.4, pp. 22-28. (In Russian)
- Details
- Hits: 1830
Abstract
In the article we discuss the problem of software development intended for visualization, processing, analyzing and recording of the data obtained by the locator to search for underground electric cables on the basis of data acquisition board L CARD E502. The features typical for such software is the need for data filtering and analysis in real time with the ability to link the results of the cable trace to the map of the terrain using GPS. Due to the fact that such applications require complex digital signal processing, a library has been developed in Cython language for operating with the E502 module, which makes it possible to apply for the processing of data of the finished Python implementations of algorithms for linear algebra, filtering, fast Fourier transformation and others. The software developed in Python language, which makes it possible to more effectively deal with interference and to better determine the location of cable routes, demonstrates the performance of the proposed model of the program component of the tracer.
Keywords
Trace searcher, data acquisition module, wavelet analysis, Python, Cython, filtering.
1. Metelev B., Kocherov A. Search for damage to the traces: the cable finder was invented anew. Pervaya milya [FIRST MILE]. 2013, no. 6 (39), pp. 68-73. (In Russian)
2. Bryakin I.V. Applied aspects of shallow magnetic prospecting. Problemy avtomatiki i upravleniya [Problems of automation and control]. 2016, no. 1 (30), pp. 65-75. (In Russian)
3. http://www.lcard.ru/download/x502api.pdf (circulation date is September 6, 2017).
4. McKinley Wes. Python i analiz dannykh [Python and Data Analysis] / Translated from English. Slinkin A.A. Moscow: DMK Press, 2015. 482 p. (In Russian)
5. http://www.lcard.ru/products/software/lgraph (circulation date 23.10.2017).
6. Izmailov D.Yu. Virtual measuring laboratory PowerGraph. Pikad [Picad]. 2007, no. 3, pp. 42-47. (In Russian)
7. Verzunov S.N. Wavelet transform as a tool for analyzing magnetovariance data. Problemy avtomatiki i upravleniya [Problems of Automation and Control]. 2014, no. 2 (27), pp. 52-61. (In Russian)
8. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.6548.pdf (circulation date January 25, 2013)
9. Verzunov S.N. Development of software for wavelet analysis of one-dimensional time series. Problemy avtomatiki i upravleniya [Problems of Automation and Control]. 2014, no. 2(27), pp. 62-71. (In Russian)
10. http://cython.org/#about (date of circulation on September 8, 2017)
11. Dalcin L., Bradshaw R., Smith K., Citro C., Behnel S., Seljebotn D.S. Cython: The Best of Both Worlds. Computing in Science & Engineering. 2011, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 31-39.