Mukhlynin N.D., Erokhin P.M., Pazderin A.V. Relay Protection Improving by Means of Using PMU Technologies

download PDF

Abstract

A PMU should be considered as a set of modern digital electrical grid technologies, which provide measuring information for control systems of electrical modes at a high new level. The number of measuring devices in the power system, as well as the list of tasks solved with their use, depends on the technology availability. One of the promising areas for PMU introduction is relay protection, which opens up new opportunities for improving its functions and revising the existing principles for detecting and tripping faults. The article includes a review of the main areas related to providing new additional properties of the existing algorithms for protecting power system elements, expanding the protection area with a differential operation principle to protect feeders and sections of electrical grids, creating new fault detectors that react to a change in the shape of one or several mode parameters at the same time. The key advantages are associated with the acquisition of adaptability properties, speed, increased sensitivity, the ability to create absolutely selective protection without communication channels. Along with the overview of trends, the article provides their classification according to their use as a part of existing protection algorithms and as part of algorithms based on new fault detection principles. The level of software and hardware development in modern intelligent electronic devices provides the PMU integration to the existing methods of obtaining measurements and signals, and, in particular, with their processing algorithms. Despite the obvious advantages, the features of the PMU implementation based on distributed sensors and digital communication channels significantly narrow the application area for modern relay protection with PMU and other control systems in electric power grids.

Keywords

Phasor Measurement Unit, Phasor Data Concentrator, relay protection, fault, digital substation, Intelligent Electronic Device, digital communication channel, highly discrete measurements, adaptive protection, Wide Area Protection System, Continuous Point-On-Wave

Nikita D. Mukhlynin Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Department of Automated Electric Systems, Ural Power Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-3231

Petr M. Erokhin D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Research Professor, Department of Automated Electric Systems, Ural Power Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Andrey V. Pazderin D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Head of the Automated Electric Systems Department, Department of Automated Electric Systems, Ural Power Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-2387

  1. Khan R., McLaughlin K., Laverty D., Sezer S. Analysis of IEEE C37.118 and IEC 61850-90-5 synchrophasor communication frameworks. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM 2016). IEEE, 2016, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/PESGM.2016.7741343
  2. Standart 56947007-29.120.70.241-2017. Technical requirements for microprocessorbased relay protection. FGC UES, PJSC standard. Date of changes introduction: 11.12.2019. 357 p. (In Russian)
  3. Ramesh L., Chowdhury S.P., Chowdhury S. Wide area monitoring protection and control – A comprehensive application review. 10th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection (DPSP 2010). Managing the Change. IET, 2010, pp. 1-4. doi: 10.1049/cp.2010.0325
  4. Khederzadeh M. Widearea protection in smart grids. 11th IET International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection (DPSP 2012). IET, 2012, pp. 1-4. doi: 10.1049/cp.2012.0078
  5. Leibovich P., Issouribehere F., Barbero J. Design and Implementation of a lowcost PMU: validation by tests and performance during 2019 Argentinean blackout. IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM 2021). IEEE, 2021, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/PESGM46819.2021.9638242
  6. Chavez J.J., Kumar N.V., Azizi S., Guardado J.L., Rueda J., Palensky P., Terzija V., Popov M. PMU-voltage drop based fault locator for transmission backup protection. Electric Power Systems Research. 2021, pp 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107188
  7. Piskunov S.A., Mokeev A.V., Ulyanov D.N., Popov A.I., Rodionov A.V. Control, monitoring and protection systems based on PMU. Metodicheskie voprosy issledovaniya nadezhnosti bolshikh sistem energetiki: Materialy 93-ego zasedaniya seminara [Methodological Issues of Researching the Reliability of Large Energy Systems. Materials of the 93rd meeting of the seminar]. Irkutsk, Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2021., pp. 133-142. (In Russian)
  8. Motavalian A.R., Moadabi N., Gharehpetian G.B. Reliability Assessment of Power System Backup Protection in Smart Grid Control Center Using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, pp. 404-410. doi: 10.24084/repqj11.324
  9. Karthick S., Lakshmi K. Wide area backup protection scheme for power transmission lines using PMU. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2015, vol. 2(9), pp. 273-281.
  10. Jena M.K., Samantaray S.R., Panigrahi B.K. Supervisory control based wide area backup protection scheme for power transmission network. National Power Systems Conference (NPSC 2016). IEEE, 2016, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/NPSC.2016.7858869
  11. Saran A. Comparison between overcurrent relay and developed PMU based protection. North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2013). IEEE, 2013, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666919
  12. Rao J.G., Pradhan A.K. Application of synchrophasor data for fault detection during power swing. International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal. IEEE, 2011, Pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/ICEAS.2011.6147180
  13. Ariff M.A.M., Pal B.C. Adaptive Protection and Control in the Power System for WideArea Blackout Prevention. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, vol. 31(4), pp. 1815-1825. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2518080
  14. Keramat M.M., Fazaeli M.H. The New Adaptive Protection Method for the Compensated Transmission Lines with the Series Capacitor in a High Share of Wind Energy Resources by Using PMU Data. 7th Iran Wind Energy Conference (IWEC 2021). IEEE, 2021, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/IWEC52400.2021.9466998
  15. Sarangi S., Pradhan A.K. Apply PMU data for Zone-2 setting of series compensated line. International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal. IEEE, 2011, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/ICEAS.2011.6147184
  16. Pal D., Mallikarjuna B., Reddy R.J., Reddy M.J.B., Mohanta D.K. Synchrophasor Assisted Adaptive Relaying Methodology to Prevent Zone-3 Mal-Operation During Load Encroachment. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2017, vol. 17(23), pp. 7713-7722. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2728862
  17. Ehsan N., Behrouz V., Mehdi M. Modified Transmission Line Protection Scheme in the Presence of SCC. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology. 2017, vol. 12, pp. 533-540. doi: 10.5370/JEET.2017.12.2.533
  18. Chunju F., Shengfang L., Weiyong Y., Li K.K. Study on adaptive relay protection scheme based on phase measurement unit (PMU). Eighth IEE International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection. IET, 2004, pp. 36-39. doi: 10.1049/cp:20040057
  19. Bi T., Sui J., Yu H., Yang Q. Adaptive loss of field protection based on phasor measurements. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2011, pp. 1-4. doi: 10.1109/PES.2011.6039170
  20. Senapati S., Bhattacharya K.D., Das J.K. Application of phasor measurement unit in adaptive protection for loss of excitation in a generator. 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON 2014). IEEE, 2014, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/POWERI.2014.7117655
  21. Desai J.P., Makwana V.H. Phasor Measurement Unit Incorporated Adaptive Out-of-step Protection of Synchronous Generator. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2021, vol. 9 (5), pp. 1032-1042. doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000277
  22. Fishov A.G., Gulomzode A.Kh., Ivkin E.S., Semendyaev R.Yu. Synchronization of the Microgrid with the external electrical grid and between each other in normal and postemergency modes with different combination grid schemes. Releynaya zashchita i avtomatizatsiya [Relay protection and automation], 2021. no. 2, pp. 32-42. (In Russian)
  23. Srdjan Skok, Kristijan Frlan, Kresimir Ugarkovic. Detection and Protection of Distributed Generation From Island Operation by Using PMUs. Energy Procedia, 2017, vol. 141, pp. 438-442. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.057
  24. Xu M., Meng T., Zou G., Zhang J., Lin X., Yang J. A centralized protection and control scheme for microgrid. 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC 2015). IEEE, 2015, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/APPEEC.2015.7380867
  25. Follum J., Miller L., Etingov P., Kirkham H., Riepnieks A., Fan X., Ellwein E. Phasor or Waveforms: Considerations for Choosing Measurements to Match Your Application. Pacific Northwest report. 2021. 43 p.
  26. Galvez C., Abur A. Fault Location in Meshed and Active Power Distribution Networks. IEEE Madrid PowerTech. IEEE, 2021, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/PowerTech46648. 2021.9494755
  27. Kanchanrao Dase, Sajal Harmukh, Arunabha Chatterjee. Detecting and Locating Broken Conductor Faults on High-Voltage Lines to Prevent Autoreclosing Onto Permanent Faults // 2019. Semantic Scholar. Available at: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:208508639 (accessed 23 May 2022).

Mukhlynin N.D., Erokhin P.M., Pazderin A.V. Relay Protection Improving by Means of Using PMU Technologies. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy [Electrotechnical Systems and Complexes], 2022, no. 3(56), pp. 4-11. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18503/2311-8318-2022-3(56)-4-11

Details
Hits: 344