Abstract
In the context of urban infrastructure development, increasing the energy efficiency of urban water supply systems is an important and urgent task that requires a comprehensive understanding of the aspects that determine production and energy modes. Optimization of electricity consumption at pumping stations becomes possible through accurate planning of water consumption in the presence of external disturbances. In this article, the main objective of the study was to identify socio-economic factors affecting water consumption and related energy costs of urban water supply systems. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey method for assessing the significance of differences between data groups, as well as density analysis of hourly water intake modes. The study used statistics from the water supply system of a city with a population of over half a million people for the period from 2017 to 2023. The results of the study showed that socio-economic factors, such as weekdays and seasonal fluctuations, have a significant impact on water consumption modes. Particular attention is paid to the Orthodox holiday of Maundy Thursday, which caused increased demand for water, increasing energy consumption by 11% as compared to normal days. Density analysis of the data made it possible to identify two main clusters of hourly water consumption corresponding to high and low system load modes. The histogram demonstrated a bimodal data structure, which was described using a four-component normal distribution. This allows for more accurate forecasting of peaks and troughs in water consumption, as well as the use of this data to optimize energy management of pumping stations, which contributes to an increase in the overall efficiency of the system.
Keywords
water supply system, energy consumption, socio-economic factors, analysis of variance, Tukey's method, density analysis, water consumption clusters, bimodal structure, pumping stations, energy efficiency
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