Abstract
For variable frequency drive applications, a control method based on vector pulse width modulation is widely used. The modulation algorithm is mainly implemented using software based on microcontrollers or digital signal processors. However, such solutions are not always optimal due to the limited speed of the software implementation and scaling difficulties. As an alternative solution, an implementation of a scalar control device for a frequency converter of an adjustable electric drive is proposed, which is made at the hardware level based on a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA). The scalar control is implemented with a simplified space-vector pulse-width modulation. Thanks to the flexibility of using FPGA resources, restrictions on the ability to scale the performance of variable speed drives are removed. Individual modules of the frequency converter are implemented in the Verilog hardware description language, which makes it possible to transfer the considered approach to any programmable logic of sufficient capacity. Methods of digital signal processing are used and their practical application in digital control systems is shown. The presented approach made it possible to reduce the design costs since it did not use the calculation of trigonometric functions in the FPGA. This became possible due to the implementation of simple synchronous circuits consisting of memory blocks and control logic. A practical example of the frequency converter development with a simplified space-vector PWM is given. The algorithms are implemented in the free (limited) integrated development environment Quartus Prime Lite Edition. Experimental oscillograms of output voltages obtained during testing of the project loaded into the FPGA are presented. This article can be practically useful for developers of commercial inexpensive scalar frequency converters.
Keywords
programmable logic integrated circuit, FPGA, PWM, Verilog, Quartus Prime Lite Edition, UART, asynchronous motor, frequency converter, hardware description language, scalar control, ROM
1. Koptyaev E.N. A Two-Channel Direct Frequency Converter. Elektrichestvo [Elektrichestvo], 2018, no. 3, pp. 33-37. doi: 10.24160/0013-5380-2018-3-33-37. (In Russian)
2. Vasilyev B.Yu., Dobush V.S. Efficient Algorithms for Control of Semiconductor Inverters in Asynchronous Electric Drives. Elektrichestvo [Elektrichestvo], 2014, no. 4, pp. 56-61. (In Russian)
3. Bormotov A., Grishanin A., Martinenko V., Musktin'ev V., Tchibirkin V. Modern Semiconductor Devices for Energy Efficient Technologies. Elektronika: nauka, tekhnologiya, biznes.[Electronics: Science, Technology, Business], 2010, no. 4, pp. 36-44.(In Russian)
4. Rozanov Yu.K. The main stages of development and the current state of power electronics. Elektrichestvo [Elektrichestvo], 2005, no. 7, pp. 52-61. (In Russian)
5. Ulyanov A.V., Shibeko R.V. Application of sic-transistors for construction of power converter blocks. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. [Modern high technologies], 2021, no. 8, pp. 124-131. doi:10.17513/snt.38790. (In Russian)
6. Le D.T., Averin S.V. Switching algorithms optimization for vector pulse-width modulation inverters. Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta. [Aerospace MAI Journal], 2016, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 155-164. (In Russian)
7. Chaplygin E.E., Khukhtikov S.V. Control Method For Self-Commutated Voltage Inverter With Vector PWM. Prakticheskaya silovaya elektronika. [Practical power electronics], 2010, no. 39, pp. 40-43. (In Russian)
8. Belousov I.V., Samoseiko V.F. Optimal two-phase pulse-width modulation. Vestnik Permskogo natsionalnogo issledovatelskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Elektrotekhnika, informatsionnye tekhnologii, sistemy upravleniya. [PNRPU Bulletin. Electrotechnics, Informational Technologies, Control Systems], 2018, no. 28, pp. 32-49. (In Russian)
9. Yu Z. Space-Vector PWM With TMS320C24x/F24x Using Hardware and Software Determined Switching Patterns. Texas Instruments Application Report SPRA524. 1999. Pp. 24-28.
10. Sokolovskiy G.G. Elektroprivody peremennogo toka s chastotnym regulirovaniem. [AC drives with frequency control]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2006. 272 p. (In Russian)
11. Vinogradov A.B. Vektornoe upravlenie elektroprivodami peremennogo toka. [Vector control of AC drives]. Ivanovo, ISPU Publ., 2008. 298 p. (In Russian)
12. Egorov V.A., Egorova Yu.G., Plotnikov E.V. Microcontroller operating system of autonomous inverter with simplified space-vector latitude-pulse modulation. Uchenye zapiski Komsomolskogo-na-Amure gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University], 2020, vol. 43, no. III-1, pp. 37-42. (In Russian)
13. Egorov V.A., Plotnikov E.V. Microcontroller control system of autonomous inverter with space-vector width-pulse modulation. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Povolzhya [Scientific and Technical Volga region Bulletin], 2020, no. 4, pp. 29-32. (In Russian)
14. Bakhovtsev I.A. Mikroprotsessornye sistemy upravleniya ustroystvami silovoy elektroniki: struktury i algoritmy. [Microprocessor control systems for power electronics devices: structures and algorithms]. Novosibirsk, NSTU Publ., 2018. 219 p. (In Russian)
15. Anuchin A., Zharkov A., Kozachenko V., Lashkevich M., Potapov I. Domestic microcontroller K1921VK01T for controlling electric motors. Elektronika: nauka, tekhnologiya, biznes. [Electronics: Science, Technology, Business], 2016, no. 1, pp. 80-93. (In Russian)
16. Gusev S., Shumilin S., Kalachev Yu. Specialized microcontroller JSC "PKK Milandr" for the implementation of vector control algorithms for electric drives. Elektronnye komponenty [Electronic components], 2015, no. 10, pp. 84-87. (In Russian)
17. Vychuzhanin V. Design of PLA Based Optimal Control Systems for Electric Motors. Sovremennaya elektronika. [Modern electronics], 2011, no. 7, pp. 54-59. (In Russian)
18. SBIS programmiruemoy logiki semeystva Cyclone V (VLSI of programmable logic of the Cyclone V family). Available at: http://altera.ru/sbis-pl-cyclone-V.html (accessed 18 November 2022)
19. Semeystvo PLIS Zynq-7000 kompanii XILINX (Zynq-7000 FPGA family from XILINX). Available at: https://fpga.su/vse-plis-fpga-xilinix/zynq-70001/ (accessed 18 November 2022)
20. Veb-servis dlya khostinga IT-proektov (Web service for hosting IT projects). Available at: https://github.com/AlexVUlyanov/FPGA/tree/main/3-Phase_induction%20motor_control (accessed 18 November 2022)
Ulyanov A.V., Kopytov S.M. Scalar Control Implementation with a Simplified Space-Vector Pulse-Width Modulation in the Description Language of Verilog Device. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy [Electrotechnical Systems and Complexes], 2023, no. 1(58), pp. 67-75. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18503/2311-8318-2023-1(58)-67-75