Abstract
The article is devoted to the development and research of an original excitation system for synchronous generators (SG) operating as a part of low-power autonomous diesel and gasoline generator units (DGU and GGU). A review and analysis of existing static excitation systems was carried out, during which requirements were set for the power unit and the excitation automatic control system (EACS) of the designed device. In this case, the most rational and justified solution was the use not of a standard thyristor DC exciter, but of a transistor voltage controller (TVC), receiving power from an unregulated diode rectifier. To control the TVC and regulate the stator voltage, it is proposed to use an analog PWM controller with an internal operational amplifier. The article describes in detail the principle of constructing this excitation system; functional and structural diagrams are given to explain the features of its operation. A schematic electrical circuit of the exciter has been developed, in which the TVR is based on powerful MOSFET transistors connected in a push-pull circuit. Forming of PWM and control of the stator voltage is entrusted to a specialized TL494 PWM controller. An experimental sample of the device was manufactured, intended for powering the excitation winding and regulating the stator voltage of the SG with a rated excitation current of up to 50 A. Laboratory and industrial tests of the developed excitation system were carried out, which confirmed the high efficiency of the adopted technical solution, in particular, maximum stator voltage drop at the rated load current of the generator does not exceed 5%, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are close to optimal. Directions for further research and development in the field of low-power SG excitation systems with TVC are proposed.
Keywords
excitation systems, automatic excitation control, autonomous power plants, synchronous generator, transistor voltage regulator, pulse width modulation, MOSFET transistor
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