Abstract
The article provides an overview of methods for controlling the traction electric drive of electric locomotives in the modes of maximum traction forces. The features of the wheel and rail friction process are considered. The dependences of the adhesion coefficient on the sliding of the wheelset are given considering weather conditions and the presence of third bodies in the contact zone between the wheel and the rail. The dynamic modes classification of the electric drive depending on the position of the operating point of the adhesion coefficient is given. The basic principles of constructing the calculated traction characteristics of the main electric locomotive are given. Based on the calculated traction characteristics, the requirements for the traction electric drive of mainline electric locomotives are formulated. The analysis of modern types of traction electric drive used on mainline electric locomotives is carried out. An electric traction drive with a DC motor with independent excitation, an electric traction drive with an autonomous voltage inverter with pairwise regulation of induction traction motors and an electric traction drive with an autonomous voltage inverter with individual regulation of asynchronous traction motors are considered. The control systems of a traction asynchronous motor are considered. The mechanical characteristics of a scalar control system for an asynchronous traction motor, a field oriented control system for an induction traction motor and a control system with direct torque control for an induction traction motor are given. The analysis of control systems for the traction force of the electric traction drive of the electric locomotives is carried out. Based on the main functional tasks of traction control systems, the decomposition of traction control systems was carried out. A new classification of traction force control methods has been developed. Based on the analysis of theoretical and practical developments in the field of traction drive of mainline electric locomotives, the requirements for the traction electric drive of mainline electric locomotives are given.
Keywords
Electric locomotive, electric drive, traction motor, friction coefficient, traction force, wheel slip, field-oriented control, induction motor.
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