Abstract
When nodal high power substations operate with single-phase autotransformer groups, repairs and emergencies can cause the deactivating of one phase. In such modes in order to improve the reliability of power supply the substation can operate in the incomplete-phase mode. At the same time, a number of important practical tasks arise on the use of open-phase mode. It is especially effective to use such modes on few loaded substations at high short circuit currents at each stage of transformation. The use of long-term open-phase loading modes may require smaller investment than other backup methods. In addition to emergency transitions to the operation of air lines with two phases, such a mode can be provided for an event that significantly improves the reliability of the electrical system, for example, when carrying out a phase renovation of power lines or forced ice-melting. In order to analyze the possibility of working in the open-phase mode, an algorithm for determining the area of permissible modes, taking into account the voltage levels and the short-circuit power of the supply power system at each stage of transformation, was developed. The area of permissible modes is based on the coefficients of asymmetry and the degree of the stator windings loading of local generators of reverse sequence. A large industrial node has been chosen as an object of study with several stages of transformation, a strong connection with the power system and its own sources of electricity. The symmetrical component method was used to calculate the parameters of the 801 MVA tie substation with a500/220/110 kV autotransformer group feeding the node in question. Recommendations were developed in order to ensure such modes.
Keywords
Autotransformer, open-phase mode, software package, nodal substation, asymmetry coefficient, synchronous generator.
1. RD 153-34.3-20.670-97. Procedural Guidelines for Use of Partial-Phase Operating Modes of Main Electrical Equipment of 330-1150 kV Electrical Installations. Moscow, SPO ORGRES Publ., 1999. (In Russian)
2. Fortescue C.L. Method of symmetrical coordinates applied to the solution of polyphase networks. NAPS, Uniwersity of Waterloo. Canada. October 23-24. 2000. Pp.1027-1140. doi: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1918.4765570
3. Misrihanov M.Sh., Putova T.E., Grechin V.P., Malyushickij P.G. Features of the work of 220-110 kV dead-end substations with incomplete phase modes on the basis of grounding of transformer neutral. Vestnik Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo energeticheskogo universiteta [Vestnik of Ivanovo State Power Engineering University], 2005, no. 1, pp. 1-10. (In Russian)
4. Nagaj I.V. On improving protection against incomplete-phase regimes of electrical networks Izvestiya vuzov. Elektromekhanika [Russian Electromechanics], 2011, no. 1, pp. 63-66. (In Russian)
5. Martynov V.A., Golubev A.N. Modeling of incomplete-phase modes of operation of power vehicles. Vestnik Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo energeticheskogo universiteta [Vestnik of Ivanovo State Power Engineering University], 2017, no. 3, pp. 1-8. (In Russian)
6. Ulyanov S.A. Elektromagnitnye perekhodnye processy v elektricheskih sistemah [Electromagnetic transition processes in electrical systems]. Moscow, Energy Publ., 1970. 517 p. (In Russian)
7. Bessolitsyn A.V., Kushkova E.I., Petrov N.V. Using an incomplete-phase loading regime of 110 kV airlines to increase customer power supply. Izvestiyavuzov. Elektromekhanika [Russian Electromechanics], 2014, no. 6, pp.1-5. (In Russian)
8. Panova E.A., Savelyeva K.S., Kochkina A.V. Assessment of the permissibility of modes of operation of synchronous generators of own power plants of industrial enterprises in phaznous repair of electrical equipment of the feeding networks in normal and optimal modes. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy [Electrotechnical Systems and Complexes], 2013, no. 21, pp. 214-220. (In Russian)
9. GOST 32144-2013. Electric energy. Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Power quality limits in the public power supply systems. Moscow, SPO ORGRES Publ., 2014. 16 p. (In Russian)
10. Ivanov V.S. Rezhimy potrebleniya i kachestvo elektroenergii system elektrosnabzheniya promyshlennyh predpriyatij [Modes of consumption and quality of electric power supply systems of industrial enterprises]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1987. 336 p. (In Russian)
11. GOST R 53471-2009. Synchronous three-phase generators of power above 100 kW. General specifications. Moscow, STANDARTINFORM Publ., 2011. 16 p. (In Russian)
12. Igumenshchev V.A., Malafeev A.V., Panova E.A. Rascheti analiza avarijnyh nesimmetrichnyh rezhimov sistem elektrosnabzheniya [Calculation and analysis of emergency asymmetric modes of power supply systems]. Magnitogorsk, NMSTU Publ., 2013. 135 p. (In Russian)
13. Malafeev A.V., Panova E.A., Belyaev S.V., Emelyanov A.A., Albrekht A.YA., Bikteeva O.Yu. Simulation of incomplete-phase emergency modes in the task of calculating and analyzing the operation of industrial power supply systems. Izvestiya vuzov. Elektromekhanika [Russian Electromechanics], 2011, no. 4, pp. 119-123. (In Russian)
14. Dan L., Yunpeng G., Cong W., Dexi G., Rui H. Voltage unbalance factor detection based Kaiser-maximum sidelobe decay convolution window and amplitude method. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 204, article 107705. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107705
15. Dayi L., Tingkang W., Wenhao P., Xinzhi D., Jie G. A comprehensive review of improving power quality using active power filters. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 199, article 107389. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107389
16. Yusuff A.A., Mosetlhe T.C., Ayodele T.R. Statistical method for identification of weak nodes in power system based on voltage magnitude deviation. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 200, article 107464. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107464
17. Iguumeschev V.A., Malafeev A.V., Panova E.A., Varganova A.V., Gazizova O.V., KondrashovaYu.N., Zinoviev V.V., Yuldasheva A.I., Krubtsova A.A., Anisimova N.A., Nasibullin A.T., Tremasov MA, Shcherbakova V.S., Bogush V.K. Kompleks avtomatizirovannogo rezhimnogo analiza KATRAN 10.0 [Complex of the automated regime analysis KATRAN 10.0]. Computer program RF, no. RU 2019610251, 2019.
18. Gazizova O.V., Allayarov A.A., Kondrashova YU.N., Patshin N.T. Determination of the boundaries of the dynamic stability of generators of an industrial power plant taking into account the motor load. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy [Electrotechnical Systems and Complexes], 2018, no. 2(39), pp. 34-41. doi: 10.18503/2311-8318-2018-2(39)-34-41 (In Russian)
19. Gazizova O.V., Kondrashova YU.N., Malafeyev A.V., Increase of Effective Management of Modes of Electric Power Plants Due to Forecasting of Static and Dynamic Stability at Change of Network Configuration. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy [Electrotechnical Systems and Complexes], 2016, no. 3(32), pp. 27-38. doi: 10.18503/2311-8318-2016-3(32)-27-38 (In Russian)
20. Abdel-Ghany H.A., Abd-El FattaS.H., Azmy A.M. Evaluating the effect of considering repairing-fault periods on calculating technical losses in medium-voltage feeders of ring distribution networks. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 196, article 107192. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107192
21. Acosta J.S., Tavares M.C., Gole A.M. Optimizing multi-circuit transmission lines for single-phase auto-reclosing. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 197, article 107329. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107329
22. Ubin K.A., Hvatova K.A., Kolos E.A. On the problems of creating and implementing microprocessor devices of relay protection and automation of electric power devices. Sovremennye tendencii razvitiya nauki i tekhnologij [Modern tendency to develop science and technology], 2016, no. 10-1, pp. 126-131. (In Russian)
23. Bobrov S.E. Analysis of the operation of differential-phase protection when overlapping a short circuit before the emergency is incomplete-phase network operation.Vestnik Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo energeticheskogo universiteta [Vestnik of Ivanovo State Power Engineering University], 2010, no. 2, pp.1-7. (In Russian)
24. Burbelo M.I., Melnichuk S. M., Emelyanov A.A. The use of directional protection for the detection of an incomplete-phase load mode in networks with effectively grounded neutral. Nauchnye trudy Vinnickogo natsionalnogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Scientific works of Vinnitsa National Technical University], 2014, no.2, pp. 1-5.
25. Nagaj I.V. Ensuring the functions of long-range reservation of relay protection of transformers in the conditions of longitudinal transverse non-symmetry. Izvestiyavuzov. Severo-Kavkazskij region. Tekhnicheskie nauki [University news. North-Caucasian region. Technical sciences series], 2011, no. 5, pp. 19-24. (In Russian)
26. Bulanova O.V., Malafeev A.V., Nikolaev N.A., Rotanova YU.N., Panova E.A. Determination of asynchronous power of synchronous generators in the calculations of electromechanical transient processes in asymmetric modes. Elektrika [Electrical engineering], 2010, no. 8, pp. 24-26. (In Russian)
27. Aires M.N.O., Medeiros R.P., Costa F.B., Silva K.M., Chavez J.J., Popov M. A wavelet-based restricted earth-fault power transformer differential protection. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 196, article 107246. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107246
28. Simões L.D., Costa H.J.D., Aires M.N.O., Medeiros R.P., Costa F.B., Bretas A.S. A power transformer differential protection based on support vector machine and wavelet transform. Electric Power Systems Research, 2021, vol. 197, article 107297. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107297