Abstract
Relevance of this article is that direct-on-line start of asynchronous squirrel-cage motors is characterized by the appearance of peaks of inrush currents and weakly damped components of the electromagnetic moment, which in total leads to the voltage drop, accelerated wear of the insulation of the windings of asynchronous motors, impacts, resonant vibrations and deformation in the mechanical equipment. Therefore, the reduction of electrical and mechanical loads in the mechanical equipment of the metallurgical and mining industries due to the development of rational circuit solutions for direct-on-line of an asynchronous motor is an actual scientific and technical task. The aim of the article is to estimate the possibilities of limiting starting current and moments of an asynchronous squirrel-cage motor due to the sequence of supplying phase voltage to its stator windings. For this aim a dynamic computer model of a three-phase asynchronous motor was developed taking into account the peculiarities of connecting the stator winding to the mains during direct start-up, the necessary researches were carried out and the requirements for rational circuit solutions for asynchronous electric drives, leading to a reduction in electrical and mechanical loads, were determined.
Methods used in this article: theoretical researches were used with the methods of the theoretical foundations of electrical engineering, the theory of electrical machines, the theory of automatization and automated electric drive. The software package Matlab Simulink was used to calculate the computer model. Novelty: Reliable mathematical and computer models of three-phase asynchronous motors with power of 75, 200, 315 and 350 kW have been developed, which made it possible to research the dynamics of direct-on-line start options taking into account losses in stator steel, displacement of the rotor current, magnetization curve of the main stream, mechanical load and inertia rotor. Result: Delays in the supply of voltage to phases B and C can reduce the maximum torque to rated moment from 8.22 to 3.16 and the oscillation time from 0.29 s to 0.035 s. The dependences of the maxima of the stator current modulus and the electromagnetic moment are obtained depending on the angle of shift of the three phases of the supply voltage with respect to the zero initial conditions of the asynchronous motor. Practical relevance: The conclusions and requirements for circuit solutions for rational direct start are formulated, allowing us to control the maximum loads and oscillation at the beginning of a direct start.
Keywords
Three-phase asynchronous squirrel-cage motor, computer model, direct-on-line start, oscillations of the moment, initial voltage values, schematic solutions.
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