Abstract
The article analyzes the energy potential of small rivers of Russia and neighboring countries. It is concluded that the energy consumption of small rivers is many times higher than that of large rivers. This provides a basis for the development of this energy sector. However, the development of small hydropower is constrained by a number of problems. These are environmental requirements, the need for large financial costs for the creation of small hydroelectric power plants, obtaining high-quality electricity with seasonal fluctuations in water consumption. To overcome these contradictions, it is proposed to develop a flexible design system that would make it possible to calculate hydro generators for a particular river in a pre-selected location. At the same time, it is possible to obtain the most efficient conversion of river energy into electrical energy. Amoыng a large number of types of generators as a hydrogenerator of small and medium power, it is proposed to use a generator of the original design. The electric machine in question is a submersible type generator with combined excitation. The resulting magnetic field of the generator is formed from two sources: permanent magnets and the excitation winding. At the same time, the hydrogenerator has a small size, thanks to the use of powerful permanent magnets and a winding for regulating the magnetic flux. As a result, it is possible to adjust the magnetic flux through a low-current excitation circuit. This simplifies the electronic control system of the generator making it small and reliable. The generator has a complex magnetic system, so for electromagnetic analysis, an accurate electromagnetic field calculation program based on the finite element method Ansys Electronics Desktop is used. The task is complicated by the fact that the proposed design is not included in the database of standard designs. There was a need to develop a three-dimensional model based on the primitives embedded in the program. The rectifier and voltage regulator were modeled in the Citrix electronic circuit editor. The characteristics of the generator were studied together with the operation of electronic components. The developed digital model of the generator showed good convergence with the real generator on the main parameters and characteristics. The results of the study are presented.
Keywords
Alternative energy, hydrogenerator, combined excitation generator, reversed design, contactless current supply, digital double.
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